Design and Evaluation of a Compact Wide-Band Antenna for Wearable Wireless Applications

This article presents a compact wide-band antenna designed for emerging wireless applications. The antenna utilizes a fiberglass-reinforced (FR4) substrate
material with a thickness of 1.6 mm as its base. By varying the length and side edge dimensions of the antenna element, the design achieves a wide operational bandwidth
ranging from 3.2 to 3.8 GHz, covering all new radio bands. Experimental optimization of various parameters has been conducted to ensure precise tuning within the desired
frequency range. The antenna exhibits a uniform radiation pattern across its operating band, ensuring stable performance. Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) evaluations,
conducted as per the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) guidelines, confirm the SAR values remain within the prescribed safety limit of 1.6 W/kg when the antenna
is positioned on a human phantom model. The proposed antenna also demonstrates high radiation efficiency and peak gain, making it suitable for wearable applications
where compact size and reliable performance are critical. This innovative design addresses the growing demand for wide-band antennas in wireless communication systems,
emphasizing safety, efficiency, and adaptability for wearable technologies.