EWR-ICSA: Energy Aware Secured Routing Protocol Based Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks Using Improved Circle Search Algorithm

Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) have the potential to empower
smart ocean applications. However, the widespread use of UWSN applications has
been limited due to the many daunting challenges incurred for underwater wireless
acoustic communication. Moreover, underwater wireless communication is energy�hungry, which confines UWSN deployment to small-scale due to the risks and costs
of missions for at sea replacement of the nodes’ battery. The energy harvesting ca�pability of underwater sensor nodes is an important characteristic that has been
overlooked in the literature. In this thesis, we study the data routing process in
UWSNs with energy harvesting capabilities. We proposed a novel opportunistic
routing protocol, named RELOR, that is the first in the literature to consider the
energy harvesting capability of underwater sensor nodes during routing decisions.
RELOR implements a learning framework for the best selection of the forwarder
nodes based on the observed environment conditions. We conduct extensive simu�lations to compare the performance of the proposed protocol to the state-of-the-art
solution. Obtained results show that RELOR outperforms the related work in terms
of packet delivery ratio, end-to-end latency, and nodes’ energy consumption.