Energy-Efficient Node Localization Algorithm Based on Gauss-Newton Method and Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm: Node Localization Algorithm

The node localization process is a crucial prerequisite in the area of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The algorithms for the node localization process can either be range-based or range-free. Range-free algorithms are preferred over range-based ones due to their cost-effectiveness. DV-Hop along with its variants is normally a well-liked range-free algorithm because of its straightforwardness, scalability, and distributed nature, but it has some disadvantages such as poor accuracy and high-power utilization. To deal with these limitations, this paper introduces an algorithm, called GWOGN-LA. GWOGN-LA improves accuracy by applying grey-wolf optimization and Gauss-Newton method. The proposed algorithm restricts the forwarding of packets in order to limit energy consumption. Simulation results show that the given proposal outperforms other state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of accuracy and power consumption.