Advancements in Salivary Glucose Measurement: A Comprehensive Review

Thousands of people worldwide suffer from diabetes mellitus, a condition that requires constant glucose monitoring for efficient treatment. Earlier techniques for measuring blood glucose, like finger puncture testing, are intrusive, mostly uncomfortable and have decreased patient compliance. With the aim to overcome these obstacles, non-invasive methods that use saliva as a biomarker has drawn a lot of interest because of its relationship with blood glucose levels. The purpose of this review is to look-through and evaluate several salivary glucose detection techniques, comparing their sensitivity, accuracy, and suitability for real-time diabetes management. Multiple analytical methods, including as colorimetric, spectroscopic, electrochemical, lab-on-chip, and biosensor-based approaches, have been studied. Although salivary glucose detection offers a promising substitute, issues including sensor reliability, intrusion from salivary substances, and calibration standardization need to be further optimized. Following standardized protocol for the collection of saliva is also a concern since it influences the glucose measurement. Future studies should concentrate on producing wearable biosensor devices for continuous glucose monitoring, improving sensor sensitivity, and incorporating artificial intelligence and machine learning for automatic spectrum analysis. Developments in these fields will open the door to diabetes treatment options that are reliable, non-intrusive and accessible to everyone.