IMPACT OF WATER POLLUTION ON BIOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OBSERVED IN LIVER, MUSCLES AND GILLS OF CYPRINUS CARPIO

With continued economic growth population increase, urbanization and technical development more and more waste materials are discharged into water bodies. This results in the pollution of water and affects the aquatic ecosystems. moreover, each type of water pollution affects the biotic
and abiotic factors of different aquatic systems to different degrees . In the present study, attempts were made to investigate the impact of pollution on the level of extractable proteins, carbohydrates and total lipids in gills, Liver and muscles of Cyprinus carpio.The quantitative and qualitative study of proteins revealed a significant decrease in the different organs of Cyprinus
carpio; the significant decrease in proteins content is seen in dye factory effluent treatment. This decline has been due to the hydrolysis and oxidation of proteins. The decline in carbohydrate content in the different organs is due to the anaerobic breakdown of glucose available to the cells
through enhanced glycogenolysis. The decreased lipid contents is due to the inhibition in the process of lipid biosynthesis or due to greater utilization of the stored lipids to meet the decreased demand for energy due to the stresses following diastic alterations in physio – chemical parameters of waters. The remarakable change has been noted in dye factory effluent followed by agricultural run off sewage and cauvery water. When sewage and cauvery water treatments were compared with agricultural run off the latter shows more effects in the protein, carbohydrate and lipid concentration. However the ground water shows less contamination when compared to all the other water treatments.