QoS based Adaptive Multi-Constrained Energy Efficient Routing for Vehicular Ad hoc Networks

A QoS-based Adaptive Multi-Constrained Energy-Efficient (AMQoS) routing approach addresses the limitations of the current single-constrained and
multi-constrained Quality of Service (QoS) routing algorithms for Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs). The proposed method aims to enhance packet delivery effectiveness
by effectively managing the utilization of QoS resources. Unlike the current reactive Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) algorithm, the suggested routing algorithm incorporates
QoS parameters and network stack parameters into the route discovery process. This cross-layer model is established by aggregating QoS and network stack parameters
from various layers of the TCP/IP protocol stack. Additionally, the proposed routing method integrates a Rough Set Theory-based analysis of multi-layer stack parameters
pertaining to VANET QoS to determine the relevant stack parameters for routing packets. In terms of network scalability, the proposed routing algorithm demonstrates
superior performance over Priority-Aware Dynamic Source Routing (PA-DSR) for various metrics, including energy efficiency, goodput, Packet Error Rate (PER), delay, and
more. PA-DSR, while effective in small networks with low mobility, establishes QoS routes with reserved bandwidth from source to destination. The performance evaluation
of AMQoS, DSR, and PA-DSR encompasses several QoS measures, considering factors such as the number of mobile nodes and mobility speed. The proposed routing
stands out due to its strategies for load distribution across the network and efficient routing cost management, outperforming DSR and PA-DSR across various metrics,
including goodput, delay, and energy efficiency.